Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety mixtures represent a relatively unexplored avenue for maintaining yield and improving flour quality. A field experiment was conducted to examine the responses of three spring wheat varieties in pure variety and in variety mixtures under continuous cropping in Northeast China. Three modern spring wheat varieties, along with a three-variety mixture and a two-variety mixture of equal proportions, were planted during the growing seasons of 2006 to 2009. The mixtures were chosen mainly to have complementary traits of yield potential and grain quality. Wheat yield was not affected by continuous cropping but by growing conditions, varieties and variety mixture. Yield stability of 3-variety mixture exceeded that of the pure varieties. The 3-variety mixture consistently out-yielded the means of the respective components (mid-components), with a mean advantage of 0.17 t ha-1 over the different growing conditions. Variety mixture offers greater yield advantages over lower-yield but good-quality variety and improves dough rheological properties and some chemical properties over the higher-yield variety. The 1:1:1 variety mixtures have greater environmental plasticity and potential application in improving flour quality than pure varieties and are therefore recommended for use to Northeast China’s wheat growers even in the absence of severe disease.

In this study the kinetic modeling of visbreaking reactions for a number of vacuum residue feeds was investigated using available experimental data from the literature. A continuous lumping model was developed for kinetic analysis of visbreaking reactions. The normalized boiling point was used to describe each feed as a continuous mixture and the concentration distribution of the mixture would change under reaction conditions. A continuous model with five adjustable parameters was used to describe visbreaking reactions, and these parameters were optimized for each feed for reaction temperatures in the range of 400–430oC using available experimental data. The model was able to accurately predict the weight percent of each boiling cut in the reaction products.

In this paper, the analytical investigation of two thermal and mass transfer effects for nonhomogeneous catalytic reaction mixture into a micro-channel has been achieved considering the continuous regime properties. In this problem, the Knudsen number is considered smaller than 0. 1 where the flow is in the continuous or slip regime. The governing equations are consisting of energy, mole fraction and catalytic conversion where the wall effects have been achieved from thermal and mass jump boundary conditions. The solution results at three different values of Knudsen number are compared with experimental data, and at all points, when the Knudsen number is equal to 0. 01 the best validity by experimental data be available. The results of slip-jump solution, with maximum error of 2. 54%, has a better validated experimental values than based modeling data without slip and jump condition, with maximum error of 26. 6%. The greatest increase in fuel conversion occurs at low-level Reynolds number, with a value about 80. 04%. Increasing thermal jump effect coefficient, normalized temperature reduces while with increase in mass jump effect coefficient, fuel conversion decreases and surface mole fraction increases.

Dentists always prioritize the preservation of the dental pulp. Nowadays, minimally invasive endodontic techniques such as Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) are considered due to their affordability and remarkable success compared to conventional treatments such as Root Canal Treatment (RCT). VPT aims at preserving healthy portions of the exposed pulp while removing the inflamed parts with biocompatible materials to seal the pulp. The present case report aimed to describe a successful VPT of a right mandibular permanent first molar with reversible pulpitis using Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement in an 18-year-old female patient. As pulp exposure happened regarding extensive caries removal, 2 mm of the inflamed pulp was removed and replaced with CEM cement. CEM was covered with Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGI) and the tooth was restored with amalgam. Regular follow-ups were performed at 3 and 6 months and 1, 2, and 4 years after treatment. Conclusion: The tooth was clinically and radiographically functional without signs and symptoms of infection or inflammation. The result of this case suggests that pinpoint pulp exposure during deep caries excavation can be successfully treated with VPT using CEM cement.

Introduction: Root mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a type of MTA that has been introduced in the Iranian market. There have been few studies on this substance. This study compared the push-out bond strength of Root MTA and CEM cement, which were both Iranian products. Materials & Methods: This in vitro study was performed on 20 extracted maxillary incisors. Samples were divided in two groups. The canals of the first group were filled with Root MTA and the second group by CEM cement. In order to investigate the push-out bond strength, the device applied a force in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample so that the desired materials would fail. Each sample was classified into one of three types of failureincluding adhesive (failure in the material and dentin interface), cohesive (failure in the material itself) or a combination of both. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean pressure on teeth for the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference between the frequencies of different types of failure between the two groups (P>0. 05). Cohesive failure in the CEM group was twice as high as in the MTA group (P>0. 05). Conclusion: There was not any significant difference between the push-out bond strength of CEM cement and Root MTA cement. These findings demonstrated that Root MTA material showed a satisfactory result in the bond strength test compared to CEM material, and could be used as an alternative to CEM cement.

A new signal processing approach was developed to improve the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX) in their binary mixtures without using any chemical pre-treatment. This approach was essentially based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of the absorption spectra of the target compounds and their samples. A set of continuous wavelet transforms was applied. Biorthogonal with 2.4 order (BIOR2.4), Coiflets with 2 order (COIF2), Daubechies with 3 order (DB3) and Haar (HAAR) were found to be suitable for the quantitative resolution of the twocomponent mixture containing TMP and SMX compounds. The confirmation of the determination results obtained by applying the BIOR2.4, COIF2, DB3 and HAAR wavelet families was achieved by first derivative spectrophotometry (DS1) analysis of the same mixtures. The validation of the above-mentioned signal processing methods was tested by analyzing various binary mixtures of the related compounds, and by using the standard addition technique. The simultaneous determination of TMP and SMX in commercial tablets was assessed by using the proposed signal processing tools.